Risk factors for haemorrhoids

Everyone has haemorrhoids. However, they do not cause problems for everyone.
However, with 70% of all adults affected, the proportion is very high, making haemorrhoidal disease a serious social problem. The risk is higher depending on your activity and stage of life.

Sitting for long periods without sufficient exercise can strain the intestines and increase the risk of haemorrhoids. Whether in an office chair, a car seat or a TV armchair – sitting for too long can lead to constipation, which in turn contributes to the development of painful haemorrhoids.

Connective tissue loses elasticity and strength over time – a natural process that increases with age. Weak connective tissue can also be hereditary in some people. This weakness can cause haemorrhoids to enlarge and lead to discomfort.

An unbalanced diet low in fibre, insufficient fluid intake, and excessive consumption of hot spices, fatty foods, alcohol, coffee, and sugar can lead to digestive issues and also contribute to weight gain. Consuming calorie-rich, highly processed foods regularly, along with a negative energy balance, greatly increases the likelihood of weight gain. Unhealthy eating habits and excess body weight can therefore increase the risk of developing haemorrhoidal issues.

During pregnancy, the body undergoes numerous changes. Anal disorders or rectal discomfort are a common problem in pregnant women, especially in the last trimester. Pregnant women of advanced age (> 35 years old) and women who have given birth multiple times are more likely to suffer from haemorrhoids.

There are various factors that can contribute to the development of haemorrhoids during pregnancy:

• Weight gain increases pressure in the abdomen and on the pelvic floor, causing blood to pool more easily and the blood vessels in the anus to dilate.
• Hormonal changes lead to sluggish bowels and loosened tissue, both of which contribute to constipation and raises the likelihood of developing haemorrhoids.
• Increased water absorption in the intestines (necessary for amniotic fluid production and embryo development), iron supplements, and a lack of physical activity can all contribute to constipation, which in turn raises the risk of developing haemorrhoids.
• Straining during bowel movements puts more pressure on the blood vessels and raises the risk of haemorrhoidal problems.

Haemorrhoidal issues should be addressed early on – that way, your excitement at bringing a new life into the world will remain a joy. Please consult your gynaecologist for advice.

Heavy physical work and intensive weight training have something in common: They can increase pressure in the abdominal cavity and overload the sensitive haemorrhoidal plexus. Repeated strain puts immense pressure on the pelvic floor, which can lead to discomfort in the long term. Tight abdominal muscles and increased pressure from heavy lifting or intense training can also irritate the haemorrhoidal plexus, leading to painful symptoms.

Long bike rides can be a real challenge for haemorrhoids. The pressure and friction from pedalling strain the sensitive tissue, while sweat can intensify typical symptoms such as itching and burning. Existing symptoms can be exacerbated by hours of cycling.

Chronic constipation and the straining during bowel movements increase pressure on the venous plexus, raising the risk of haemorrhoidal issues. Frequent diarrhoea can also cause the haemorrhoidal cushions to enlarge, as they constantly hold liquid stool. This keeps the blood cushions continually filled, which affects the fine continence function.